Is Fasting for Christians Today?

Fasting, in the biblical sense, is the abstaining from food and drink for a spiritual reason..

In the Old Testament era, the Jews fasted frequently, though only one fast was prescribed by the law. Once each year on the Day of Atonement, the Hebrews were to afflict their souls (Lev. 16:31), which meant fasting (cf. Isaiah 58:3).

There are no compulsory fasts required of Christians today; however, the New Testament seems to take for granted that children of God would see the need to fast occasionally. When the Lord's disciples were criticized for not fasting, Jesus responded that it was hardly appropriate for them to fast while he was still with them. The time would come, however, when he would be taken away from them. Then they would fast (Luke 5:35).

In cautioning against improper motivation in worship, Christ warned: "Moreover, when you fast, be not, as hypocrites" (Matthew 6:16). It is significant that he did not say "if" but "when" ye fast, reflecting an expectation that they would.

Fasting, for the Christian, is strictly voluntary. It should arise from an intense spiritual need, not from mere ritual or formality.

What Is the Value of Fasting?

When would fasting be of value? Fasting may be spiritually beneficial in times of personal sorrow. David and his men mourned and fasted when they heard of Saul's death (2 Samuel 1:12). So did Nehemiah when he learned of Jerusalem's devastated condition (Nehemiah 1:4). Fasting, with prayer, certainly seems appropriate when a loved one is critically ill (2 Samuel 12:16).

Fasting frequently accompanied repentance as an outward and genuine sign of contrition for spiritual rebellion (1 Samuel 7:6). The people of Nineveh proclaimed a fast, recognizing their sins (Jonah 3:5).

Fasting was practiced in connection with great and important religious events. Moses fasted during that period when he was receiving the law (Exodus 34:28). Christ fasted prior to his encounter with Satan in the wilderness (Matthew 4:2).

The church fasted before sending Barnabas and Saul on that perilous first missionary campaign (Acts 13:2-3). Fasting was certainly a component of Paul's dynamic ministry (2 Corinthians 6:5; 11:27).

Warnings for Those Who Fast

Admittedly, however, fasting can be abused. The practice must never be employed as a substitute for personal godly living. Isaiah delivered a blistering rebuke to those who fasted, then pursued their own worldly pleasures (Isaiah 58).

Moreover, fasting must not be an occasion for flaunting one's religion. The Pharisees were guilty of this very thing (Matthew 6:16-18).

Finally, the rigors of fasting must not be allowed to ignite a spirit of religious smugness and self-righteousness. This certainly could be a temptation (cf. Luke 18:9-14).

Benefits of Fasting

There do seem to be some tangible benefits to voluntary fasting at certain times. The Scriptures suggest that God honors fasting when performed as a token of deep and sincere dedication.

Physicians indicate that moderate fasting can benefit health, allowing our systems to occasionally cleanse themselves. (See: The Complete Guide to Fasting for an excellent overview of the health benefits.)

The mind appears to be able to plumb greater depths of contemplation during periods of fasting.

Fasting can help one hone a keener edge on self-discipline.

Fasting can also reinforce our appreciation for those things we’re deprived of during periods of abstention.