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The Books of Moses - An Old Testament Commentary - Volume I

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Bible Term Samuel 1, Book Of
This book contains the historical record of the change in Israel’s form of government from judges to that of the kings. The nation, in an act of rejecting God, desired a king to be like their pagan...
Bible Term Samuel 2, Book Of
This book contains the record of the forty-year administration of the Hebrews’ most illustrious ruler, David, who was an ancestor of the Lord Jesus Christ. The book details David’s victories, his w...
Bible Term Satan
The Hebrew term satan (“adversary” – one who “cherishes animosity”) comes over into Greek as diabolos (“slanderer, accuser”). Satan is a spirit-being who is the arch-enemy of God and man. His chara...
Bible Term Scripture
The Greek term graphe (“writing”) comes into the English Bible (via Latin, scriptura) as “scripture.” The word almost always has the definite article “the scriptures.” The expression may refer to a...
Bible Term Septuagint
The Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament. It dates from the third century before Christ. The “Letter of Aristeas” (cir. 100 B.C.) suggests that this version was translated ...
Bible Term Slavery
The term “slave” (Grk. doulos) is used in the Bible in both a literal and a figurative sense. (a) Literal slaves were common in the ancient world. A person could be purchased as a slave, become a s...
Bible Term Song Of Solomon, Book Of
This small book contains one of the 1,005 songs penned by king Solomon (1 Kgs. 4:32). It extols the passion and bliss of wedded love, and praises the king’s “beloved.” Many scholars have suggested ...
Bible Term Soul, Spirit
The word “soul” is used in several senses in the Bible. (a) It may signify an individual person (Ezek. 18:20). (b) It may be employed of mere biological life (Gen. 1:30). (c) It can have to do with...
Bible Term Spiritual
The adjective “spiritual” has several senses. (a) It may refer to a being that is “spirit” in nature, e.g., angels (Eph. 6:12). (b) Spiritual may denote that which is from God, thus is lofty in its...
Bible Term Synoptics
The term “synoptic” derives from the Greek word sunoptikos, which means “seeing the whole together.” The word is used to describe the first three Gospel narratives — Matthew, Mark, and Luke — bec...
Bible Term Teach, Teacher
The role of the Christian teacher is sobering indeed, for those who presume to “teach” will receive a “heavier judgment” (Jas. 3:1). This warning is not designed to discourage teaching (a divine ob...
Bible Term Temptation
The original words that are rendered by the English “tempt” are employed in two broad senses in the Scriptures, depending upon the context in which they are found. First, the concept may be that of...
Bible Term Text Of The Bible
The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew (with certain minor portions in Aramaic), while the New Testament was penned in Koine Greek. None of the original documents (called autographs) of...
Bible Term Thessalonians 1, Book Of
The church in Thessalonica was established on Paul’s second missionary journey (Acts 17:1ff). After he left the region, he received a report regarding the congregation in Thessalonica, containing b...
Bible Term Thessalonians 2, Book Of
Paul’s second letter to the saints in Thessalonica was written not long after the first one, while the apostle was still at Corinth (Acts 18:11). This epistle seeks to correct an erroneous impressi...
Bible Term Timothy 1, Book Of
This is Paul’s first letter to his convert, Timothy, who was from the city of Lystra (Acts 16:1). It appears to have been written after Paul’s release from his initial Roman imprisonment (Acts 28)....
Bible Term Timothy 2, Book Of
This is Paul’s last letter before his execution. It was written during his final Roman imprisonment. The epistle summons Timothy to Paul’s side. It is intended to help Timothy understand the events...
Bible Term Tithe
In the N.T. (cf. Heb. 7:6, 9), this term derives from the Greek, dekatos, meaning “tenth.” (a) In the Patriarchal period of history, it appears to have been the practice that godly men gave a tenth...
Bible Term Tongues, Speaking In
Literally speaking, the “tongue” is an organ of taste and speech within the mouth. By metaphorical extension, it is used in literature for a human language. In the N.T., the gift of being able to "...
Bible Term Tradition
The term “tradition” renders a Greek word that suggests the idea of “instruction that has been handed down.” It takes on two senses in Scripture. (a) “Tradition” may be instruction that is divinely...